●Indications – Male adult circumcision MAC is indicated for sociocultural and personal preferences, various penile pathologies, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV transmission in endemic countries.
•Phimosis – Phimosis is the most common medical indication for MAC and is associated with type 2 diabetes. A patient presenting with adult-onset phimosis should undergo diabetes screening.
•STI prevention – Circumcision has been shown to reduce infection rates of some STIs, including HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends male circumcision for all countries with high HIV prevalence, mostly located in sub-Saharan Africa.
●Epidemiology – Globally, 37 to 39 percent of men are circumcised. Seventy percent of male circumcisions are performed for religious reasons and 30 percent for medical reasons or personal preference.
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